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The great change in European relations with Russia took place in 1478 when Muscovy replaced the trading Republic of Novgorod as a neighbor of Sweden, Livonia and Lithuania. Western Europe was since that year bordering to a bellicose great power with large resources causing dread. The feelings of dread caused by Russia with Czars like Ivan the Terrible became a standing theme in printed matter as well as politics and the image of Russia became very much similar to the image of Turkey, which threatened Europe from South-East. Various, usually rather negative, stereotype expressions characterized the vocabulary of the 16th century. The Peace of Stolbova in 1617 started a period of successive change. The era of Sweden as a Great Power led to growing knowledge about Russia in almost every respect, but it was still based on the already accepted stereotypes. They started, however, typically to seem more diluted and thin with time. The image of Russia as a threat was to a growing extent replaced by an image of a possibility. The perhaps most remarkable but rather unoriginal printed Swedish description of Russia of the era was Regni Muschovotici Sciographia, published by Petrus Petrejus. At the final stage of Sweden's era as a great power there was a substantial widening but also polarization of the information on Russia. The Russian reform process during Tsar Peter I also began to influence the minds after the turn of the century in 1700. One of the principal describers of this process was Lars Johan Malm (Ehrenmalm), whose large manuscript about the power of the Russian Empire of that time, Några Anmärkningar Angående det Ryska Rijkets Nuvarande Macht from 1714, never reached the printers due to intervention from censors.

Engineering geology.

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Engineering --- Civil Engineering --- Building --- Building.

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Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Architectural engineering --- Engineering, Architectural --- Structural mechanics --- Structures, Theory of --- Structural engineering --- Engineering --- Civil Engineering --- mechanics --- structures --- engineering --- structural design --- solids --- fluids

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This collection of essays looks at the issue of human well-being from the point of view of environmental aesthetics. Questions addressed include: What role do aesthetic values have in advancing well-being? Are there environments that are particularly supportive of well-being? What is the place of aesthetic factors in environmental and city planning? The authors of the first part of the book illuminate the relationship between aesthetics and well-being by discussing such notions and ideas as aesthetic well-being, interactive environmental planning, aesthetic quality in urban planning, aesthetic footprint, and ecological aesthetics. The authors of this part also engage with many topical questions in environmental and everyday aesthetics. For example, Yuriko Saito’s idea of green aesthetics as well as Allen Carlson’s science-based model of the aesthetic appreciation of nature are critically examined.

Environmentally-friendly architecture & design --- Philosophy: aesthetics --- Regional & area planning --- Environmental science, engineering & technology

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Periodicals --- Oceanography --- Environmental protection --- Marine pollution --- Research --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Environmental protection. --- Marine pollution. --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Marine environment pollution --- Marine water pollution --- Ocean pollution --- Offshore water pollution --- Sea pollution --- Seawater --- Coastal zone management --- Pollution --- Water --- Marine resources conservation --- Oceanographic research --- Research. --- Atlantic Ocean --- Baltiĭskoe more --- Baltiskoye more --- Baltiyskoye more --- Europe --- Mare Suevicum --- Baltic Sea --- Congresses --- Baltique (Mer). Pollution. (Collection) --- Baltische Zee. Verontreiniging. (Reeks)